These figures are from the book 3D Engine Design for Virtual Globes by Patrick Cozzi and Kevin Ring, and published by A K Peters / CRC Press. The figures are copyright A K Peters, but are provided for use under the United States Fair Use doctrine. Only those figures created by the authors are included. We would appreciate a link to www.virtualglobebook.com when reusing them.

For questions about reuse, please contact A K Peters at service@akpeters.com. If you would like higher resolution versions or the original SVG files, please contact authors@virtualglobebook.com. Due to their file size, we did not include them.

Figures listed below have additional credits:

• 01_Introduction/GEGlobe.png - Imagery (c) 2010 Tele Atlas. Image taken using Google Earth.
• 01_Introduction/GETerrain.png - Imagery (c) 2010 Europa Technologies, US Dept of State Geographer. Image taken using Google Earth.
• 01_Introduction/GECity.png - Imagery (c) 2010 Google, US Census Bureau, Image USDA Farm Service Agency. Image taken using Google Earth.
• 01_Introduction/ClipmapNestedLevels.png - Terrain from Georgia Institute of Technology
• 01_Introduction/ClipmapLevelsNearPole.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.

• 02_MathFoundations/GeocentricEquatorialShaded.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 02_MathFoundations/GeographicCoordinatesLatitude.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 02_MathFoundations/GeographicCoordinatesLongitude.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 02_MathFoundations/SurfaceArea.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth. Image taken using STK.

• 04_GlobeRendering/GlobeTexturingNoLight.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/GlobeTexturingWithLight.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/GPURayCastingWithShading.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/IDLArtifact.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/LatitudeLongitudeGrid.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/LatitudeLongitudeGridClose.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/LatitudeLongitudeGridClosest.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/LatitudeLongitudeGridFar.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/NightLightsPointOne.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/NightLightsPointTwo.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/NightLightsZero.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/SubdivisionStoppingConditionSolid0.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/SubdivisionStoppingConditionSolid1.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/SubdivisionStoppingConditionSolid2.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 04_GlobeRendering/SubdivisionStoppingConditionSolid5.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.

• 05_VertexTransformPrecision/Series0.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 05_VertexTransformPrecision/Series1.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 05_VertexTransformPrecision/Series2.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 05_VertexTransformPrecision/Jitter0in.png - Imagery (c) 2010 Microsoft Corporation and (c) 2010 NAVTEQ. Images taken using STK.
• 05_VertexTransformPrecision/Jitter0out.png - Imagery (c) 2010 Microsoft Corporation and (c) 2010 NAVTEQ. Images taken using STK.
• 05_VertexTransformPrecision/Jitter1.jpg - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth. Image taken using STK.

• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/DepthBufferFormat24Fixed.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/DepthBufferFormat24FixedComplementary.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/DepthBufferFormat32Float.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/DepthBufferFormat32FloatComplementary.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/DepthBufferPrecisionNear1.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/DepthBufferPrecisionNear35.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/LogarithmicDepthBuffering.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/LogarithmicDepthBufferingComplementary.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/LogarithmicDepthBufferingNone.png - Imagery from NASA Visible Earth.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/STKSatelliteView0.png - Image taken using STK.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/STKSatelliteView1.png - Image taken using STK.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/MultiFrustumOverlap0.png - Image taken using STK.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/MultiFrustumOverlap1.png - Image taken using STK.
• 06_DepthBufferPrecision/MultiFrustumOverlap2.png - Image taken using STK.

• 07_VectorDataAndPolylines/WithoutVectorData.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 07_VectorDataAndPolylines/WithVectorData.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America. Icons from Yusuke Kamiyamane.
• 07_VectorDataAndPolylines/DepthEllipseOff.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.
• 07_VectorDataAndPolylines/DepthEllipseOn.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.
• 07_VectorDataAndPolylines/OutlineLineGlobeNoOutline.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.
• 07_VectorDataAndPolylines/OutlineLineGlobeOutline.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.

• 08_Polygons/EarClippingExample.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.
• 08_Polygons/EarClippingExampleOutline.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.
• 08_Polygons/EarClippingExampleWireframe.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.
• 08_Polygons/EllipsoidTriangulateRight.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.
• 08_Polygons/EllipsoidTriangulateWrong.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.
• 08_Polygons/GoogleEarthOnTerrain.jpg - Imagery (C) 2010 DigitalGlobe. Image taken using Google Earth.
• 08_Polygons/GoogleEarthOnTerrainZoomed.jpg - Imagery (C) USDA Farm Service Agency, Image NMRGIS, Image (C) 2010 DigitalGlobe. Image taken using Google Earth.
• 08_Polygons/RequiresSubdivision0.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 08_Polygons/RequiresSubdivision1.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 08_Polygons/RequiresSubdivision2.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 08_Polygons/RequiresSubdivision3.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 08_Polygons/STKNoPolygon.png - Image taken using STK.
• 08_Polygons/STKPolygonFilled.png - Image taken using STK.
• 08_Polygons/STKPolygonOutline.png - Image taken using STK.
• 08_Polygons/STKPolygonWireframe.png - Image taken using STK.
• 08_Polygons/STKPolygonZoomed.png - Image taken using STK.
• 08_Polygons/STKTriangleFilled.png - Image taken using STK.
• 08_Polygons/STKTriangleWireframe.png - Image taken using STK.
• 08_Polygons/SubdivisionCurve.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 08_Polygons/SubdivisionFlat.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.

• 09_Billboards/BellsAndWhistles.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America. Icons from Yusuke Kamiyamane.
• 09_Billboards/Billboards0.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America. Icons from Yusuke Kamiyamane.
• 09_Billboards/Billboards1.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America. Icons from Yusuke Kamiyamane.
• 09_Billboards/BillboardsWireframe.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.
• 09_Billboards/BillboardsWireframeTextured.png - Imagery from Natural Earth. Vector data from National Atlas of the United States of America.
• 09_Billboards/TextureAtlas.png - Icons from Yusuke Kamiyamane.

• 11_TerrainBasics/BlendMaskTerrain2.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/BlendRampByHeight.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/BlendRampByHeightOnly.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/BlendRampBySlope.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/BlendRampBySlopeOnly.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/ColorRampSlopeTerrain.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/ColorRampSlopeTerrainSolid.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/ColorRampTerrain.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/Everest.png - Imagery (C) Microsoft Corporation (C) AND (C) 2010 DigitalGlobe. Image taken using Bing Maps 3D.
• 11_TerrainBasics/GPURayCasting.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/GPURayCastingNearestNeighbor.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/GPURayCastingSteps0.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/GPURayCastingSteps1.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/HeightContour.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/HeightContourNoContourNorLighting.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/HeightContourNoLighting.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/HeightExaggeration1.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/HeightExaggeration30.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/HeightExaggeration60.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedInFourSamples.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedInFourSamplesWireframe.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedInNoLighting.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedInNoLightingWireframe.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedInSobelFilter.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedInSobelFilterWireframe.jpg - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedInSobelFilterWireframe.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedInThreeSamples.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedInThreeSamplesWireframe.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedOutFourSamples.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedOutNoLighting.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedOutSobelFilter.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/NormalsZoomedOutThreeSamples.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/ShadeByHeightLighting.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/ShadeByHeightNoLighting.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/ShadeByHeightNoLighting2.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/ShadeBySlope.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/ShadeSolid2.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/ShadeSolidLighting.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/ShadeSolidNoLighting.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/SlopeContour.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/STKHeightMapKauai.png - Image taken using STK.
• 11_TerrainBasics/TriangleMeshTerrainOnly.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/TriangleMeshWireframeAndTerrain.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/TriangleMeshWireframeOnly.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 11_TerrainBasics/TriangleMeshZoomedOut.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.

• 12_MassiveTerrainRendering/LODHigh.png - Imagery (C) USDA Farm Service Agency, (C) 2010 DigitalGlobe. Image taken using Google Earth.
• 12_MassiveTerrainRendering/LODLow.png - Imagery (C) USDA Farm Service Agency, (C) 2010 DigitalGlobe. Image taken using Google Earth.
• 12_MassiveTerrainRendering/TileLevels.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 12_MassiveTerrainRendering/ZPass.png - Terrain data from NASA World Wind.
• 12_MassiveTerrainRendering/ZPassDepth.png - Terrain data from NASA World Wind.

• 13_GeometryClipmapping/ClipmapCracksGone.png - Terrain data from NASA World Wind.
• 13_GeometryClipmapping/ClipmapLevelsNearPole.png - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 13_GeometryClipmapping/ClipmapNestedLevels.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 13_GeometryClipmapping/ClipmapNestedLevelsFromViewer.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 13_GeometryClipmapping/ClipmapTransitionRegions.png - Terrain data from Georgia Institute of Technology.
• 13_GeometryClipmapping/ClipmapWithCracks.png - Terrain data from NASA World Wind.

• 14_ChunkedLOD/ChunkedLODSTK.png - Image taken using STK.
• 14_ChunkedLOD/FlatSurfaceMaintainsCurve.pdf - Imagery from Natural Earth.
• 14_ChunkedLOD/STKSkirt.png - Image taken using STK.
• 14_ChunkedLOD/STKSkirtWireframe.png - Image taken using STK.

Additional credits:

• Natural Earth
• NASA Visible Earth
• NASA World Wind
• National Atlas of the United States of America
• Georgia Institute of Technology
• Yusuke Kamiyamane